billiards bíliards billar
bowling bóuling juego de bolos
brainteasers bréintísers adivinanzas, acertijos
camping cámping campamento
canoeing kanúing piragüismo
card games cárd guéims juegos de cartas
carpentry cárpintri carpintería
checkers chékers juego de damas
chess chés ajedrez
computing compiúting Informática
sculpting skálpting esculpido
sewing sóuing costura
singing sínging canto
skating skéiting patinaje
skiing skíng esquí
stamp collecting stámp colékting filatelia
surfing sérfing surf
video games vídiu guéims videojuegos
yoga ióga yoga
cooking kúking cocina
crossword puzzle crós-uérd pásl crucigrama
cycling sáikling ciclismo
dancing dáncing baile
darts dárts juego de dardos
dice dáis dados
dominoes dóminous dominó
drawing dróing dibujo
embroidery embróideri bordado
engraving engréiving grabado
Hobbies
There are ten hobbies in The Sims 2: FreeTime. Each offers different unlockable benefits or new activities and also a pass to enter into secret lots. Doing an activity which is related to the specific hobby increases enthusiasm to that hobby. Enthusiasm can even briefly be gained as a Sim sleeps and dreams about a hobby activity. As enthusiasm increases for each hobby, there are a number of new actions introduced to the Sim in that area, this includes reading about the hobby in the paper, jogging, hiking and getting protein shakes from the fridge, blogging about your hobby, teaching about the hobby and more. These rewards and benefits will stay constant for your Sim provided the hobby enthusiasm is kept high enough to warrant them. The highest reward is to be in 'The Zone' (as described above).
The Arts & Crafts hobby centers around activities that are related to creating and discussing artwork, such as painting, and introduces two new Talent Badges: Pottery and Sewing. In addition, an activity table is available allowing toddlers and children to paint and play with blocks (playing with blocks supports tinkering hobbies while drawing supports arts and crafts).
Cooking, watching cooking shows and having meals are activities related to culinary. Cuisine hobby allows Sims to unlock new foods: chips, cheese and appetizers. Moreover, Sims may now enter a food contest by submitting a dish to be judged. Finally, a new nectar table is available in buy mode.
The novel writing system on the computer has been revamped allowing players to choose the cover, title and plot. Players may now choose which book for their Sim to read instead of reading a single generic book. Sims can also discuss books they have read, and a variety of films can now be viewed on the television.
Other than working out, swimming or performing Yoga, Sims with a high enough interest in Fitness can go jogging, get protein drinks out of their fridge, and can use an exercise bike. In addition, athletic outfits have been given a greater selection from more than just sweatsuits and children are also given athletic wear.
A variety of digital games can now be purchased and are playable on Sims' computers and consoles. All of these games are actual EA games, namely Spore, MySims, FIFA 08, The Sims 3 and Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars. Other games such as pool and chess also contribute to the hobby enthusiasm. Sims can also challenge each other in a video game competition in community lots.
Sims can now play the violin and the synthesizer as well as the piano (and guitar, bass and drums if University is installed). They can also practice ballet on the ballet bar, enter dance contests and also teach their toddlers nursery rhymes. A new soundtrack features the Natasha Bedingfield song "Pocketful of Sunshine", and also includes artists They Might Be Giants, and Datarock.[5]Finally, players can create custom radio stations for their Sims stereos (though all songs added to custom stations must be in MP3 format).
Nature-loving Sims find gardening, fishing, bug collecting and birdwatching interesting. If your Sim goes hiking there is a chance they will find an unusual bug which will start a bug collection. This can be hung on a wall or put on a table. When hiking your Sims also run the risk of being followed home by angry swarms of bees. Sims also gain enthusiasm for Nature by studying the cleaning skill.
Science hobby items gained with Freetime include an ant farm and new telescope interactions. Sims can now choose to search for planets, constellations and UFOs. Sims can also choose to summon aliens. When they use this interaction as an adult, they get abducted, regardless of their gender, but only adult male sims will become impregnated with an alien child. Your Sim will also gain Science enthusiasm by watching the Weather Channel on television.
Tinkering allows Sims to tinker various electronic devices in the house and also restoring a car to sell it for profit. The restored car can also be used as the family car with the ability to paint it a different colour daily. There is also a new train set which your Sim can decorate and design to enhance their tinkering hobby skill.
martes, 16 de febrero de 2010
Personaje famoso.
Benito Juárez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Benito Pablo Juárez García (pronounced [be'nit̪o 'paβ̞lo 'xwaɾes gaɾ'sia]) (March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian who served five terms as president of Mexico[1]: 1858–1861 as interim, 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872. For resisting the French occupation, overthrowing the Empire, and restoring the Republic, as well as for his efforts to modernize the country, Juárez is often regarded as Mexico's greatest and most beloved leader. Juárez was recognized by the United States as a ruler in exile during the French-controlled Second Mexican Empire, and got their support in reclaiming Mexico under the Monroe Doctrine after the United States Civil War endeda.
Early life
Juárez was born in the small village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, located in the mountain range now known as the "Sierra Juárez." His parents, Marcelino Juárez and Brígida García were peasants who died when he was three years old. He described his parents as "Indios de la raza primitiva del país," that is, "Indians of the original race of the country." He worked in the corn fields and as a shepherd until the age of 12. On December 17, 1818, he walked to the city of Oaxaca looking to educate himself and find a better life. At the time, he was illiterate and could not speak Spanish, only Zapotec.
In the city, where his sister worked as a cook, he took a job as a domestic servant and eagerly made up for his lack of education. A lay Franciscan, Antonio Salanueva, was impressed with young Benito's intelligence and thirst for learning, and arranged for his placement at the city's seminary. He studied there but decided to pursue law rather than the priesthood. He graduated from the seminary in 1827 and went on to gain a degree in law.
Political career
Benito Juárez with his sister Nela (left) and his wife Margarita (right), 1843
Juárez became a lawyer in 1834 and a judge in 1842. He was governor of the state of Oaxaca from 1847 to 1853, at which time he went into exile because of his objections to the corrupt military dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna. He spent his exile in New Orleans, Louisiana, working in a cigar factory. In 1854 he helped draft the Plan of Ayutla as the basis for a liberal revolution in Mexico.
Faced with growing opposition, Santa Anna resigned in 1855 and Juárez returned to Mexico. The winning party, the liberales (liberals) formed a provisional government under General Juan Álvarez, inaugurating the period known as La Reforma. The Reform laws sponsored by the puro (pure) wing of the Liberal Party curtailed the power of the Catholic Church and the military, while trying to create a modern civil society and capitalist economy based on the U.S. model. The Ley Juárez (Juárez's Law) of 1855, for example, abolished special clerical and military privileges, and declared all citizens equal before the law. All the efforts ended on the promulgation of the new federalist constitution. Juárez became Chief Justice, under moderado (moderate) president Ignacio Comonfort.
The conservadores (conservatives) led by General Félix Zuloaga, with the backing of the military and the clergy, launched a revolt under the Plan of Tacubaya on December 17, 1857 . Comonfort didn't want to start a bloody civil war, so made an auto-coup d'état, dissolved the congress and appointed a new cabinet, in which the conservative party would have some influence, assuming in real terms the Tacubaya plan. Juárez, Ignacio Olvera, and many other deputies and ministers were arrested. The rebels wanted the constitution revoked completely and another all-conservative government formed, so they launched another revolt on January 11, 1858, proclaiming Zuloaga as president. Comonfort re-established the congress, freeing all the prisoners and resigned as president. Under the new constitution, the chief justice immediately became interim president until proper elections could be made. Juárez took office on late January 1858. Juárez then led the liberal side in the Mexican War of the Reform, first from Querétaro and later from Veracruz. In 1859, Juárez took the radical step of declaring the confiscation of church properties. In spite of the conservatives' initial military advantage, the liberals drew on support of regionalist forces. They had U.S. help under some terms of the controversial and never approved McLane-Ocampo treaty. This turned the tide in 1860; the liberals recaptured Mexico City in January 1861. Juárez was finally properly elected president in March for another four-year term, under the Constitution of 1857.
Faced with bankruptcy and a war-savaged economy, Juárez declared a moratorium on foreign debt payments. Spain, Great Britain, and France reacted with a joint seizure of the Veracruz customs house in December 1861. Spain and Britain soon withdrew, but the French Emperor Napoleon III used the episode as a pretext to launch the French intervention in Mexico in 1862, with plans to establish a conservative regime. The Mexicans won an initial victory over the French at Puebla in 1862, celebrated annually as Cinco de Mayo (May 5). The French advanced again in 1863, forcing Juárez and his elected government to retreat to the north, first to San Luis Potosí, then to the arid northern city of El Paso del Norte, present day Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and finally to the capital of the state, Chihuahua City where he set up his cabinet and government-in-exile. There he would remain for the next two and one-half years. Meanwhile Maximilian von Habsburg, a younger brother of the Emperor of Austria, was proclaimed Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico on April 10, 1864 with the backing of Napoleon III and a group of Mexican conservatives. Before Juárez fled, Congress granted him an emergency extension of his presidency, which would go into effect in 1865, when his term expired, and last until 1867 when the last of Maximilian's forces were defeated.
In response to the French intervention and the elevation of Maximilian, Juárez sent General Plácido Vega y Daza to the U.S. State of California to gather Mexican American sympathy for Mexico's plight. Maximilian, who personally harbored liberal and Mexican nationalist sympathies, offered Juárez amnesty, and later the post of prime minister, but Juárez refused to accept either a government "imposed by foreigners", or a monarchy. A legitimate Mexican throne had existed long before him, founded by Emperor Augustine I after independence had been achieved in 1821, but was abolished only a year later, during a domestic crisis. With its own civil war over, President Andrew Johnson, who had great sympathy to the Juarista cause[citation needed], invoked the Monroe Doctrine to give diplomatic recognition to Juárez' government and supply weapons and funding to the Republican forces. When he could get no support in Congress, he supposedly had the Army "lose" some supplies (including rifles) "near" (across) the border with Mexico. He would not even meet with representatives of Maximilian. Gen. Philip Sheridan wrote in his journal about how he "misplaced" 30,000 muskets close to Mexico.[2] Faced with this and a growing threat from Prussia, the French troops began pulling out of Mexico in late 1866. Mexican conservatism was a spent force and was less than pleased with the liberal Maximilian. In 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated and Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court. Despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence, and Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867. His body was returned to Europe for burial. His last words had been, '¡Viva México!'
Juárez was controversially re-elected President in 1867 and 1871, using the office of the presidency to ensure electoral success and suppressing revolts by opponents such as Porfirio Díaz. Benito Juárez died of a heart attack in 1872 while working at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City. He was succeeded by Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, his foreign minister.
Legacy
Today Benito Juárez is remembered as being a progressive reformer dedicated to democracy, equal rights for his nation's indigenous peoples, lessening the great power that the Roman Catholic Church then held over Mexican politics, and the defence of national sovereignty. The period of his leadership is known in Mexican history as La Reforma (the reform), and constituted a liberal political and social revolution with major institutional consequences: the expropriation of church lands, bringing the army under civilian control, liquidation of peasant communal land holdings, the separation of church and state in public affairs, and also led to the almost-complete disenfranchisement of bishops, priests, nuns and lay brothers.
La Reforma represented the triumph of Mexico's liberal, federalist, anti-clerical, and pro-capitalist forces over the conservative, centralist, corporatist, and theocratic elements that sought to reconstitute a locally-run version of the old colonial system. It replaced a semi-feudal social system with a more market-driven one, but following Juárez's death, the lack of adequate democratic and institutional stability soon led to a return to levels of centralized autocracy and economic exploitation under the regime of Porfirio Díaz that surpassed anything from the colonial or conservative eras; a conservative government under liberal gowns. The Porfiriato (Porfirist era), in turn, collapsed at the beginning of the Mexican Revolution.
Quotations
Juárez's famous quotation continues to be well-remembered in Mexico: Entre los individuos, como entre las naciones, el respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz, meaning "Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace." It is inscribed on the coat of arms of Oaxaca.
When Maximilian proposed a meeting with Juárez and offered him the post of Prime Minister of the Empire, Juárez was fleeing with his wife and children from Maximilian's and French armies, and he replied to the Emperor's proposal as follows:
"You assure me that you have no doubt that if I accept this meeting, the peace and happiness of the Mexican nation will result from it, and that the Empire will reserve for me a distinguished position, seeking the help of my talents and patriotism. Certainly, sir, the history of our times registers the names of great traitors who have violated their oaths, their word and their promises; they have betrayed their own party, their principles, their ancestors and everything an honorable man holds sacred. Furthermore, in all these cases, the traitor has been guided by a vile ambition of power and a miserable desire to satisfy his own passions and even his own vices. However, the man currently in charge of the presidency of the Republic, a man that came out of the dark masses of the common people, will succumb - if such is the design of Providence - after fulfilling his duty until the end, in accordance with the trust of the nation over which he presides and having satisfied the requirements of his own conscience. I must conclude due to my lack of time, but I will add a last observation. It is given to men, sometimes, to attack the rights of others, to seize their goods, to threaten the lives of those who defend their nation, to make the highest virtues seem crimes, and to give their own vices the luster of true virtue. But there is one thing that cannot be influenced either by falsification or betrayal, namely the tremendous verdict of history. It is she who will judge us."
Miscellaneous
• The anniversary of Juárez's birth (March 21) is a national holiday in Mexico (See: Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)).
• Juárez was given the title of "Benemérito de las Américas" ("the meritorious one of the Americas") by the government of the Republic of Colombia, on May 1, 1865. The Congress of Colombia proclaimed in such date: "The Congress of Colombia, in the name of the people it represents, and facing the unselfishness and the undeniable perseverance that Señor Benito Juárez, in his role of constitutional President of Mexico, has launched towards the defence of the independence and freedom of his homeland, proclaims that citizen Juárez has deserved the title of Asset of the Americas, and as a homage to such virtues, and as an example to the Colombian youth, has ruled that the portrait of this eminent statesman will be displayed at the National Library with the following script:
o Benito Juárez Mexican Citizen
The Congress of 1865 dedicates, in the name of the Colombian people, this homage attesting his fortitude in defending the freedom and independence of México.
A Colombian citizen, Alejo Morales, supported the proclamation of Juárez in a letter to the Colombian Senate and Representatives, where he describes Juárez as follows:
"...…Juárez is the upright statesman that makes a clear contrast with one too many traitors and betrayers; the man of good faith that chooses misery and death to shame, because the word "duty" is more flattering to him than the insignia of Great Marshall; he is the genius that will scare away, no question about it, the horrifying tempest that has blown so recently upon the New World; he is, gentlemen, Senators, the one that is being proposed that you honour through a decree. I would not believe there is a single Colombian Senator that would not want to hurry to support, through his vote, the consecration of such an act, than would honour more us than the immortal Juárez."
• Warner Brothers produced a biographical film about Juárez, simply titled Juárez in 1939, with Paul Muni portraying the leader. Bette Davis also appeared in the film, which featured a powerful musical score by Erich Wolfgang Korngold.
• Juárez has also been played in motion pictures by Jason Robards, Sr. (1940), Fausto Tozzi (1965), Helmut Schellhardt (1988), and Luis Valdez (1994)
• One of Juárez's ancestors is Alexa Juarez, who resides in Los Angeles, California.
Things named for Juárez•
A great number of cities, towns, streets, institutions, and other things are named after Benito Juárez; see Juárez for a partial list.
• Benito Mussolini, Dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943, was named after Benito Juárez by his Socialist parents. ("Benedetto" is the normal form in Italian.)
Monuments to Juárez
There are monuments to Juárez not just in Mexico but in most countries in Latin America as well as the United States. Here are some examples:
• Mexico:
o Mexico City's Alameda Central
o Guanajuato
o Oaxaca
o Querétaro
o Nuevo Laredo
o In addition there are schools named for him throughout Mexico and his face appears on postage stamps and on the Mexican 20 peso bill.
• Colombia:
o There is a monument to Juárez on Carrera 11 and Calle 77, in the Chicó neighborhood.
• The United States:
o 6th Avenue in New York City's Bryant Park;
o Washington, D.C., Opposite the Watergate Building;
o The "Plaza de las Américas" on the Magnificent Mile (North Michigan Avenue) in Chicago;
o Basin Street in New Orleans near where he had lived in exile during the 1850s;
o Pantoja Park, near the western end of W G St, San Diego, California;
o Additional tributes include an elementary school in Anaheim, California and San Diego, California named after Benito Juárez.
• In Guatemala there are monuments to Juárez in Quetzaltenango and Guatemala City.
• In New Delhi, the government of India named a major road as Benito Juárez Marg in his memory. The road is home to many institutes of higher education, and is where the University of Delhi, South Campus is located.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Benito Pablo Juárez García (pronounced [be'nit̪o 'paβ̞lo 'xwaɾes gaɾ'sia]) (March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian who served five terms as president of Mexico[1]: 1858–1861 as interim, 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872. For resisting the French occupation, overthrowing the Empire, and restoring the Republic, as well as for his efforts to modernize the country, Juárez is often regarded as Mexico's greatest and most beloved leader. Juárez was recognized by the United States as a ruler in exile during the French-controlled Second Mexican Empire, and got their support in reclaiming Mexico under the Monroe Doctrine after the United States Civil War endeda.
Early life
Juárez was born in the small village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, located in the mountain range now known as the "Sierra Juárez." His parents, Marcelino Juárez and Brígida García were peasants who died when he was three years old. He described his parents as "Indios de la raza primitiva del país," that is, "Indians of the original race of the country." He worked in the corn fields and as a shepherd until the age of 12. On December 17, 1818, he walked to the city of Oaxaca looking to educate himself and find a better life. At the time, he was illiterate and could not speak Spanish, only Zapotec.
In the city, where his sister worked as a cook, he took a job as a domestic servant and eagerly made up for his lack of education. A lay Franciscan, Antonio Salanueva, was impressed with young Benito's intelligence and thirst for learning, and arranged for his placement at the city's seminary. He studied there but decided to pursue law rather than the priesthood. He graduated from the seminary in 1827 and went on to gain a degree in law.
Political career
Benito Juárez with his sister Nela (left) and his wife Margarita (right), 1843
Juárez became a lawyer in 1834 and a judge in 1842. He was governor of the state of Oaxaca from 1847 to 1853, at which time he went into exile because of his objections to the corrupt military dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna. He spent his exile in New Orleans, Louisiana, working in a cigar factory. In 1854 he helped draft the Plan of Ayutla as the basis for a liberal revolution in Mexico.
Faced with growing opposition, Santa Anna resigned in 1855 and Juárez returned to Mexico. The winning party, the liberales (liberals) formed a provisional government under General Juan Álvarez, inaugurating the period known as La Reforma. The Reform laws sponsored by the puro (pure) wing of the Liberal Party curtailed the power of the Catholic Church and the military, while trying to create a modern civil society and capitalist economy based on the U.S. model. The Ley Juárez (Juárez's Law) of 1855, for example, abolished special clerical and military privileges, and declared all citizens equal before the law. All the efforts ended on the promulgation of the new federalist constitution. Juárez became Chief Justice, under moderado (moderate) president Ignacio Comonfort.
The conservadores (conservatives) led by General Félix Zuloaga, with the backing of the military and the clergy, launched a revolt under the Plan of Tacubaya on December 17, 1857 . Comonfort didn't want to start a bloody civil war, so made an auto-coup d'état, dissolved the congress and appointed a new cabinet, in which the conservative party would have some influence, assuming in real terms the Tacubaya plan. Juárez, Ignacio Olvera, and many other deputies and ministers were arrested. The rebels wanted the constitution revoked completely and another all-conservative government formed, so they launched another revolt on January 11, 1858, proclaiming Zuloaga as president. Comonfort re-established the congress, freeing all the prisoners and resigned as president. Under the new constitution, the chief justice immediately became interim president until proper elections could be made. Juárez took office on late January 1858. Juárez then led the liberal side in the Mexican War of the Reform, first from Querétaro and later from Veracruz. In 1859, Juárez took the radical step of declaring the confiscation of church properties. In spite of the conservatives' initial military advantage, the liberals drew on support of regionalist forces. They had U.S. help under some terms of the controversial and never approved McLane-Ocampo treaty. This turned the tide in 1860; the liberals recaptured Mexico City in January 1861. Juárez was finally properly elected president in March for another four-year term, under the Constitution of 1857.
Faced with bankruptcy and a war-savaged economy, Juárez declared a moratorium on foreign debt payments. Spain, Great Britain, and France reacted with a joint seizure of the Veracruz customs house in December 1861. Spain and Britain soon withdrew, but the French Emperor Napoleon III used the episode as a pretext to launch the French intervention in Mexico in 1862, with plans to establish a conservative regime. The Mexicans won an initial victory over the French at Puebla in 1862, celebrated annually as Cinco de Mayo (May 5). The French advanced again in 1863, forcing Juárez and his elected government to retreat to the north, first to San Luis Potosí, then to the arid northern city of El Paso del Norte, present day Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and finally to the capital of the state, Chihuahua City where he set up his cabinet and government-in-exile. There he would remain for the next two and one-half years. Meanwhile Maximilian von Habsburg, a younger brother of the Emperor of Austria, was proclaimed Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico on April 10, 1864 with the backing of Napoleon III and a group of Mexican conservatives. Before Juárez fled, Congress granted him an emergency extension of his presidency, which would go into effect in 1865, when his term expired, and last until 1867 when the last of Maximilian's forces were defeated.
In response to the French intervention and the elevation of Maximilian, Juárez sent General Plácido Vega y Daza to the U.S. State of California to gather Mexican American sympathy for Mexico's plight. Maximilian, who personally harbored liberal and Mexican nationalist sympathies, offered Juárez amnesty, and later the post of prime minister, but Juárez refused to accept either a government "imposed by foreigners", or a monarchy. A legitimate Mexican throne had existed long before him, founded by Emperor Augustine I after independence had been achieved in 1821, but was abolished only a year later, during a domestic crisis. With its own civil war over, President Andrew Johnson, who had great sympathy to the Juarista cause[citation needed], invoked the Monroe Doctrine to give diplomatic recognition to Juárez' government and supply weapons and funding to the Republican forces. When he could get no support in Congress, he supposedly had the Army "lose" some supplies (including rifles) "near" (across) the border with Mexico. He would not even meet with representatives of Maximilian. Gen. Philip Sheridan wrote in his journal about how he "misplaced" 30,000 muskets close to Mexico.[2] Faced with this and a growing threat from Prussia, the French troops began pulling out of Mexico in late 1866. Mexican conservatism was a spent force and was less than pleased with the liberal Maximilian. In 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated and Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court. Despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence, and Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867. His body was returned to Europe for burial. His last words had been, '¡Viva México!'
Juárez was controversially re-elected President in 1867 and 1871, using the office of the presidency to ensure electoral success and suppressing revolts by opponents such as Porfirio Díaz. Benito Juárez died of a heart attack in 1872 while working at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City. He was succeeded by Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, his foreign minister.
Legacy
Today Benito Juárez is remembered as being a progressive reformer dedicated to democracy, equal rights for his nation's indigenous peoples, lessening the great power that the Roman Catholic Church then held over Mexican politics, and the defence of national sovereignty. The period of his leadership is known in Mexican history as La Reforma (the reform), and constituted a liberal political and social revolution with major institutional consequences: the expropriation of church lands, bringing the army under civilian control, liquidation of peasant communal land holdings, the separation of church and state in public affairs, and also led to the almost-complete disenfranchisement of bishops, priests, nuns and lay brothers.
La Reforma represented the triumph of Mexico's liberal, federalist, anti-clerical, and pro-capitalist forces over the conservative, centralist, corporatist, and theocratic elements that sought to reconstitute a locally-run version of the old colonial system. It replaced a semi-feudal social system with a more market-driven one, but following Juárez's death, the lack of adequate democratic and institutional stability soon led to a return to levels of centralized autocracy and economic exploitation under the regime of Porfirio Díaz that surpassed anything from the colonial or conservative eras; a conservative government under liberal gowns. The Porfiriato (Porfirist era), in turn, collapsed at the beginning of the Mexican Revolution.
Quotations
Juárez's famous quotation continues to be well-remembered in Mexico: Entre los individuos, como entre las naciones, el respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz, meaning "Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace." It is inscribed on the coat of arms of Oaxaca.
When Maximilian proposed a meeting with Juárez and offered him the post of Prime Minister of the Empire, Juárez was fleeing with his wife and children from Maximilian's and French armies, and he replied to the Emperor's proposal as follows:
"You assure me that you have no doubt that if I accept this meeting, the peace and happiness of the Mexican nation will result from it, and that the Empire will reserve for me a distinguished position, seeking the help of my talents and patriotism. Certainly, sir, the history of our times registers the names of great traitors who have violated their oaths, their word and their promises; they have betrayed their own party, their principles, their ancestors and everything an honorable man holds sacred. Furthermore, in all these cases, the traitor has been guided by a vile ambition of power and a miserable desire to satisfy his own passions and even his own vices. However, the man currently in charge of the presidency of the Republic, a man that came out of the dark masses of the common people, will succumb - if such is the design of Providence - after fulfilling his duty until the end, in accordance with the trust of the nation over which he presides and having satisfied the requirements of his own conscience. I must conclude due to my lack of time, but I will add a last observation. It is given to men, sometimes, to attack the rights of others, to seize their goods, to threaten the lives of those who defend their nation, to make the highest virtues seem crimes, and to give their own vices the luster of true virtue. But there is one thing that cannot be influenced either by falsification or betrayal, namely the tremendous verdict of history. It is she who will judge us."
Miscellaneous
• The anniversary of Juárez's birth (March 21) is a national holiday in Mexico (See: Fiestas Patrias (Mexico)).
• Juárez was given the title of "Benemérito de las Américas" ("the meritorious one of the Americas") by the government of the Republic of Colombia, on May 1, 1865. The Congress of Colombia proclaimed in such date: "The Congress of Colombia, in the name of the people it represents, and facing the unselfishness and the undeniable perseverance that Señor Benito Juárez, in his role of constitutional President of Mexico, has launched towards the defence of the independence and freedom of his homeland, proclaims that citizen Juárez has deserved the title of Asset of the Americas, and as a homage to such virtues, and as an example to the Colombian youth, has ruled that the portrait of this eminent statesman will be displayed at the National Library with the following script:
o Benito Juárez Mexican Citizen
The Congress of 1865 dedicates, in the name of the Colombian people, this homage attesting his fortitude in defending the freedom and independence of México.
A Colombian citizen, Alejo Morales, supported the proclamation of Juárez in a letter to the Colombian Senate and Representatives, where he describes Juárez as follows:
"...…Juárez is the upright statesman that makes a clear contrast with one too many traitors and betrayers; the man of good faith that chooses misery and death to shame, because the word "duty" is more flattering to him than the insignia of Great Marshall; he is the genius that will scare away, no question about it, the horrifying tempest that has blown so recently upon the New World; he is, gentlemen, Senators, the one that is being proposed that you honour through a decree. I would not believe there is a single Colombian Senator that would not want to hurry to support, through his vote, the consecration of such an act, than would honour more us than the immortal Juárez."
• Warner Brothers produced a biographical film about Juárez, simply titled Juárez in 1939, with Paul Muni portraying the leader. Bette Davis also appeared in the film, which featured a powerful musical score by Erich Wolfgang Korngold.
• Juárez has also been played in motion pictures by Jason Robards, Sr. (1940), Fausto Tozzi (1965), Helmut Schellhardt (1988), and Luis Valdez (1994)
• One of Juárez's ancestors is Alexa Juarez, who resides in Los Angeles, California.
Things named for Juárez•
A great number of cities, towns, streets, institutions, and other things are named after Benito Juárez; see Juárez for a partial list.
• Benito Mussolini, Dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943, was named after Benito Juárez by his Socialist parents. ("Benedetto" is the normal form in Italian.)
Monuments to Juárez
There are monuments to Juárez not just in Mexico but in most countries in Latin America as well as the United States. Here are some examples:
• Mexico:
o Mexico City's Alameda Central
o Guanajuato
o Oaxaca
o Querétaro
o Nuevo Laredo
o In addition there are schools named for him throughout Mexico and his face appears on postage stamps and on the Mexican 20 peso bill.
• Colombia:
o There is a monument to Juárez on Carrera 11 and Calle 77, in the Chicó neighborhood.
• The United States:
o 6th Avenue in New York City's Bryant Park;
o Washington, D.C., Opposite the Watergate Building;
o The "Plaza de las Américas" on the Magnificent Mile (North Michigan Avenue) in Chicago;
o Basin Street in New Orleans near where he had lived in exile during the 1850s;
o Pantoja Park, near the western end of W G St, San Diego, California;
o Additional tributes include an elementary school in Anaheim, California and San Diego, California named after Benito Juárez.
• In Guatemala there are monuments to Juárez in Quetzaltenango and Guatemala City.
• In New Delhi, the government of India named a major road as Benito Juárez Marg in his memory. The road is home to many institutes of higher education, and is where the University of Delhi, South Campus is located.
Ocupaciones.
Abogado/a Lawyer
Actor/actriz Actor/actress
Agente de policía Policeman/Policewoman
Agricultor Farmer
Albañil Bricklayer
Arqueólogo Archaeologist
Arquitecto Architect
Astronauta Astronaut
Basurero Dustman (U.K.) ; Garbage collector (U.S.A.)
Biólogo Biologist
Bombero Fireman
Cajera Cashier
Camarero/a en un café o restaurante Waiter/Waitress
Camionero/a Lorry driver (U.K.) ; Truck driver (U.S.A.)
Cantante Singer
Carnicero/a Butcher
Carpintero/a Carpenter
Cartero Postman (U.K.); mailman (USA)
Cirujano Surgeon
Cocinero Cook
Conductor/a de autobús Bus driver
Conserje de empresa o ministerio Porter
Conserje de un hotel Hall porter
Dentista Dentist
Ebanista Cabinetmaker
Economista Economist
Electricista Electrician
Emfermero/a Nurse
Escritor/a Writer
Estanquero/a Tobacconist
Farmacéutico Pharmacist ; chemist
Físico Physicist
Florista Florist
Fontanero/a Plumber
Fotógrafo Photographer
Frutero/a Fruiterer
Hombre de negocios : Empresario Businessman
Ingeniero Engineer
Jardinero/a Gardener
Jefe de cocina Chef
Limpiacristales Window cleaner
Marinero/a Sailor
Mecánico/a Mechanic
Médico Doctor
Meteorólogo Meteorologist
Minero/a Miner
Modista Dressmaker
Mujer de la limpieza Cleaner
Niñera Nanny ; Nursemaid
Panadero Baker
Pastelero/a ; Repostero/a Pastry cook
Payaso Clown
Peluquero/a Hairdresser
Periodista Journalist
Pescador Fisherman
Político Politician
Profesor/a Teacher
Programador Programmer
Psicólogo/a Psychologist
Psiquiatra ; Siquiatra Psychiatrist
Recepcionista Receptionist
Secretario/a Secretary
Taxista Taxi driver
Telefonista Telephone operator
Vendedor Salesman
Veterinario Veterinary surgeon; vet (U.K.) ; Veterinarian (USA)
Zapatero Shoemaker; cobbler
Barbería Barber’s
Camisería Outfitter’s
Carnicería Butcher’s
Centro comercial Shopping centre (U.K.) / Mall (USA)
Electrodomésticos Domestic Appliances
Farmacia Chemist’s (U.K.) / Drugstore (USA)
Ferretería Ironmonger’s
Floristería Florist’s
Frutería Fruiterer’s
Herboristería Herbalist’s shop
Joyería Jeweller’s
Juguetería Toyshop
Lavandería Launderette
Lechería Creamery
Librería Bookshop
Mercado Market
Óptica Optician’s
Pajarería Bird shop
Panadería Baker’s
Papelería Stationer’s
Pastelería Cake shop / Pastry shop
Peletería Furrier’s shop
Peluquería Hairdresser’s
Perfumería Perfumery
Pescadería Fishmonger’s
Quiosco Kiosk / Newsagent's
Ropa de caballero Men’s wear
Ropa de niño Children’s wear
Ropa de señora Ladies' wear
Supermercado Supermarket
Tienda de animales Pet shop
Tienda de discos Record shop
Tienda de golosinas Sweetshop
Tienda de tabaco y sellos (Estanco) Tobacconist's
Tienda de videos (Videoclub) Video club
Tiendas Shops
Tintorería Dry cleaner’s
Ultramarinos Grocer’s
Verdulería Greengrocer’s
Zapatería Shoe shop
Actor/actriz Actor/actress
Agente de policía Policeman/Policewoman
Agricultor Farmer
Albañil Bricklayer
Arqueólogo Archaeologist
Arquitecto Architect
Astronauta Astronaut
Basurero Dustman (U.K.) ; Garbage collector (U.S.A.)
Biólogo Biologist
Bombero Fireman
Cajera Cashier
Camarero/a en un café o restaurante Waiter/Waitress
Camionero/a Lorry driver (U.K.) ; Truck driver (U.S.A.)
Cantante Singer
Carnicero/a Butcher
Carpintero/a Carpenter
Cartero Postman (U.K.); mailman (USA)
Cirujano Surgeon
Cocinero Cook
Conductor/a de autobús Bus driver
Conserje de empresa o ministerio Porter
Conserje de un hotel Hall porter
Dentista Dentist
Ebanista Cabinetmaker
Economista Economist
Electricista Electrician
Emfermero/a Nurse
Escritor/a Writer
Estanquero/a Tobacconist
Farmacéutico Pharmacist ; chemist
Físico Physicist
Florista Florist
Fontanero/a Plumber
Fotógrafo Photographer
Frutero/a Fruiterer
Hombre de negocios : Empresario Businessman
Ingeniero Engineer
Jardinero/a Gardener
Jefe de cocina Chef
Limpiacristales Window cleaner
Marinero/a Sailor
Mecánico/a Mechanic
Médico Doctor
Meteorólogo Meteorologist
Minero/a Miner
Modista Dressmaker
Mujer de la limpieza Cleaner
Niñera Nanny ; Nursemaid
Panadero Baker
Pastelero/a ; Repostero/a Pastry cook
Payaso Clown
Peluquero/a Hairdresser
Periodista Journalist
Pescador Fisherman
Político Politician
Profesor/a Teacher
Programador Programmer
Psicólogo/a Psychologist
Psiquiatra ; Siquiatra Psychiatrist
Recepcionista Receptionist
Secretario/a Secretary
Taxista Taxi driver
Telefonista Telephone operator
Vendedor Salesman
Veterinario Veterinary surgeon; vet (U.K.) ; Veterinarian (USA)
Zapatero Shoemaker; cobbler
Barbería Barber’s
Camisería Outfitter’s
Carnicería Butcher’s
Centro comercial Shopping centre (U.K.) / Mall (USA)
Electrodomésticos Domestic Appliances
Farmacia Chemist’s (U.K.) / Drugstore (USA)
Ferretería Ironmonger’s
Floristería Florist’s
Frutería Fruiterer’s
Herboristería Herbalist’s shop
Joyería Jeweller’s
Juguetería Toyshop
Lavandería Launderette
Lechería Creamery
Librería Bookshop
Mercado Market
Óptica Optician’s
Pajarería Bird shop
Panadería Baker’s
Papelería Stationer’s
Pastelería Cake shop / Pastry shop
Peletería Furrier’s shop
Peluquería Hairdresser’s
Perfumería Perfumery
Pescadería Fishmonger’s
Quiosco Kiosk / Newsagent's
Ropa de caballero Men’s wear
Ropa de niño Children’s wear
Ropa de señora Ladies' wear
Supermercado Supermarket
Tienda de animales Pet shop
Tienda de discos Record shop
Tienda de golosinas Sweetshop
Tienda de tabaco y sellos (Estanco) Tobacconist's
Tienda de videos (Videoclub) Video club
Tiendas Shops
Tintorería Dry cleaner’s
Ultramarinos Grocer’s
Verdulería Greengrocer’s
Zapatería Shoe shop
Expresiones de tiempo en pasado.
Hay muchas palabras y expresiones en inglés que se utilizan para indicar tiempo: períodos, años, épocas, en fin, todo lo relacionado con el transcurrir del tiempo. En esta serie de artículos veremos varias de ellas.
La palabra time no siempre es tiempo, sino que se debe deducir su significado del contexto. Times, por ejemplo, puede ser “veces”, y también es utilizado como “por”, cuando se hace una multiplicación (8 times 4 is 32 - 8 por 4 es 32).
While, por ejemplo, es una palabra que expresa tiempo: puede ser equivalente a “un rato” o “un momento”. Por ejemplo: Can I hold the baby for a while? - ¿Puedo sostener al bebé por un momento?. También puede representar períodos de tiempo más largos. La duración de while, por tanto, se desprende del contexto: I worked for a large company for a while - Trabajé para una gran compañía por un tiempo. En este ejemplo, while no tiene una duración definida, pero sin dudas es mayor que “un momento”.
La palabra time, decíamos, no siempre se traduce literalmente como “tiempo”. Existen expresiones que lo demuestran, como at times - a veces, o by the time - para cuando (I’ll be gone by the time he arrives - Me habré ido para cuando él llegue)
La palabra time no siempre es tiempo, sino que se debe deducir su significado del contexto. Times, por ejemplo, puede ser “veces”, y también es utilizado como “por”, cuando se hace una multiplicación (8 times 4 is 32 - 8 por 4 es 32).
While, por ejemplo, es una palabra que expresa tiempo: puede ser equivalente a “un rato” o “un momento”. Por ejemplo: Can I hold the baby for a while? - ¿Puedo sostener al bebé por un momento?. También puede representar períodos de tiempo más largos. La duración de while, por tanto, se desprende del contexto: I worked for a large company for a while - Trabajé para una gran compañía por un tiempo. En este ejemplo, while no tiene una duración definida, pero sin dudas es mayor que “un momento”.
La palabra time, decíamos, no siempre se traduce literalmente como “tiempo”. Existen expresiones que lo demuestran, como at times - a veces, o by the time - para cuando (I’ll be gone by the time he arrives - Me habré ido para cuando él llegue)
Etiquetas:
Expresiones de tiempo en pasado.
Lugares públicos.
FARMACIA
Agua destilada Distilled water
Agua oxigenada Hydrogen
Agujas y jeringuillas de un solo uso Disposable hypodermic needles and syringes
Alcohol Alcohol
Algodón hidrófilo Cotton wool (U.K.) ; Absorbent cotton (USA)
Alimentos dietéticos Diet food
Alimentos infantiles Feeding of children
Analgésico Painkiller
Análisis Analysis
Análisis de sangre Blood test
Antiarrugas Anti-wrinkle
Antibiótico Antibiotic
Anticatarro Anti-catarrh
Antídoto Antidote (for/to)
Antifebril Anti-fever
Antigripal (vacuna) Flu vaccine
Antiinflamatorio Anti-inflammatory
Antiparasitario Antiparasitic
Antiséptico Antiseptic
Apósito, vendaje Dressing / Bandage
Automedicarse To treat oneself
Biberón Feeding bottle / Baby bottle
Calientabiberones Bottle warmer
Calmante , sedante Painkiller / Sedative
Cepillo de dientes Toothbrush
Champú anticaspa Anti-dandruff shampoo
Chupete Dummy (U.K.) ; Pacifier (USA)
Complejo vitamínico Vitamin complex
Compresa (para mujer) Sanitary towel (U.K.); Sanitary napkin (USA)
Crema anticelulitica Anti-cellulite cream
Crema bronceadora Suntan lotion, suntan cream
Crema de belleza Beauty cream
Crema de día Day cream
Crema de noche Night cream
Crema hipoalergénica Hypoallergenic cream
Depurativo Blood purification tonic
Desinfectante Disinfectant
Dosis de ataque Onset dose
Dosis de mantenimiento Maintenance dose
Enjuague bucal Mouthwash
Esparatrapo Sticking plaster , adhesive plaster
Estanterias Shelves
Expectorante Cough medicine
Farmacéutico/a Chemist (U.K.) ; Druggist (USA) ; Pharmacist (uso formal)
Farmacia (ciencia) Pharmacy
Farmacia (tienda) Chemist’s (U.K.) ; Drugstore (USA)
Farmacia de guardia All-night chemist’s
Fármaco , medicina, medicamento Drug , medicine
Gasa Gauze , lint
Gasa esterilizada Sterile gauze dressing
Inyección Injection
Jarabe (medicina) Syrup / medicine
Jarabe para la tos Cough syrup; Cough Mixture
Laboratorio Laboratory
Laxante Laxative
Material de laboratorio Laboratory equipment
Medicinal Medicinal
Medicinar To give medicine to
Mostrador Counter
Ortopedia Orthopaedics (U.K.) ; Orthopedics (USA)
Paciente Patient
Pañal desechable Disposable nappy (U.K.) / Disposable diaper (U.S.)
Paquete de primeros auxilios First aid kit
Pasta dental Toothpaste
Pastilla Tablet ; Pill
Pastilla para la tos Cough drop
Pastillas de vitaminas Vitamin pill/ Vitamin tablet
Pesabebés Baby scale
Peso Scales
Peso de corredera Sliding-weight scales
Pildora anticonceptiva Contraceptive pill / "The pill"
Pinzas Forceps / Tweezers
Polvos de talco Talcum powder
Pomada Ointment
Preservativo Condom ; Contraceptive sheath
Primeros auxilios First aid
Protección solar Sun protection cream
Prueba de embarazo Pregnancy test
Seda dental Dental floss
Suero sanguíneo Serum
Suero fisiológico Saline solution
Supositorio Suppository
Talla (listón para medir la talla) Height gauge
Tensiómetro Blood pressure gauge (Sphygmomanometer)
Termómetro Thermometer
Tijeras Scissors
Tintura de yodo Iodine solution
Toma de la presión sanguínea (tensión) To take someone's blood pressure
Tomarse la tensión To have one’s blood pressure taken
Tónico, estimulante del apetito, reconstituyente Tonic, stimulant
Tranquilizante Tranquillizer (U.K.) ; Tranquilliser (USA)
Tratamiento Treatment
Tubo de pomada Tube of ointment
Vacuna Vaccine
Vademécum (libro de medicamentos) Vademecum
Venda de gasa Bandage
Vitrina Glass case , showcase
Volante de asistencia medica Health insurance certificate
La oficina
Abrecartas Paper knife
Agenda (de despacho de mesa) Desk diary
Agenda de bolsillo Pocket diary
Agenda de trabajo Engagement book
Anotación ; Apunte Note
Archivador/a Filing clerk
Archivo(documento) Files
Archivo(sitio) Archive
Bloc Writing pad
Bolígrafo Pen ; Ballpoint pen
Calculadora Calculator
Carpeta (papeles,documentos) Folder ; File
Carpeta de anillas Ring binder
Carpeta de información Information folder ; Briefing kit
Carta Letter
Celo ; Cinta adhesiva Sticky tape
Coger/Contestar el teléfono To answer the phone
Contestador automático Answering machine ; Answer phone
Corrector (líquido), Tipp-ex Correcting fluid, Tipp-ex
Correo Mail
Cuartilla (1/2 folio) A-5 sheet of paper
Diario Journal
Disco Disk
Disco duro Hard disk
Documento Document
Enviar, echar al correo To post (U.K.) ; To mail (USA)
Enviar un fax To fax
Escáner Scanner
Escritorio Desk ; Bureau
Fax Fax
Ficha (de archivo) Index card
Fichero Card index
Fichero de datos (informática) Data file
Fichero informativo Computer file
Fichero(mueble) Filing cabinet
Folio(hoja) Sheet
Fotocopiadora Photocopier ; Photocopying machine
Gráficos por ordenador Computer graphics
Grapa Paper fastener / Staple
Grapadora Stapler ; Stapling gun
Guardar ; Archivar To save
Hoja de cálculo Spreadsheet
Impresora Printer
Impresora láser Laser printer
Imprimir documento , página To print out
Inventario ; Balance Inventory ; Stocktaking
Lápiz Pencil
Libreta Note book
Libreta de anillas Spiral notebook; bound notebook
Libreta de direcciones Address book
Libro de contabilidad Account book
Listado (Informática) Listing ; Printout
Listín de teléfonos (teléfonico) Telephone directory
Llamar por teléfono To telephone
Máquina de escribir Typewriter
Mecanógrafo/a Typist
Módem Modem
Muebles de oficina Office furniture
Oficina ; Despacho Office
Oficinista Clerk ; Office worker
Ordenador Computer
Ordenador central Mainframe computer
Ordenador de gestión Business computer
Ordenador personal (PC) Personal computer (PC)
Ordenador portátil (pequeño) Portable computer ; Laptop computer
Pantalla Screen
Papel continuo Continuous feed paper
Papel cuadriculado Squared paper
Papel de cartas Notepaper
Papelera (recipiente) Wastepaper bin
Pasar una llamada To transfer a call
Pegamento Glue ; Adhesive
Pisapapeles Paperweight
Pluma estilográfica Fountain pen
Portadocumentos Document holder
Portafolios Briefcase ; Attaché case
Portalápices para escritorio Pencil holder ; Pen holder
Portaminas Propelling pencil (UK) ; Mechanical pencil (USA)
Portapapeles(maletín) Briefcase
Procesador de textos Word processor
Programa Program
Rotulador Felt tip pen
Secretario/a ; Administrativo Secretary
Sello Stamp
Sobre (carta) Envelope
Sujetapapeles Paper clip
Teclado Keyboard
Teléfono Telephone ; Phone
Tijera Scissors
Tinta Ink
Tomar notas To take notes
Trabajo administrativo Paperwork
Una mesa de despacho An office desk
EL HOSPITAL
Agujas y jeringas de un solo uso Disposable hypodermic needles and syringes
Anestesia y respirador artificial Anaesthesia and respiratory apparatus
Aparato de anestesia y respiración Anaesthesia and breathing apparatus
Armario de las medicinas Medicine cupboard / cabinet
Bandeja de los instrumentos Instrument tray
Botella de oxigeno Oxygen cylinder
Cama del paciente Bed (hospital bed)
Conexión de pared para el tratamiento con oxigeno Wall connection for oxygen treatment
Consultorio de medicina general General practice (U.K.) ; Physician’s office (USA)
Cubeta de los instrumentos Instrument basin
Diccionario médico Medical dictionary
Ficha médica Medical record ,medical card
Fichero de pacientes Patients file
Gasa esterilizada Sterile gauze
Instrumentos quirúrgicos Surgical instruments
Interfono Intercom
Laboratorio Laboratory
Lámpara con haz de luz dirigible Directional lamp
Libro de citas Appointments book
Maletín del médico Doctor’s bag, doctor’s case
Mascarilla Mask
Material de laboratorio Laboratory equipment
Material de vendaje Dressing material
Material quirúrgico de sutura Surgical suture material
Mesa de instrumentos Instrument table
Mesa de operaciones Operating table
Mesa de reconocimiento Examination couch
Mesa de reconocimiento de rayos X-ray examination table
Microscopio binocular de investigación Binocular research microscope
Oftalmoscopio Ophthalmoscope
Paciente Patient
Pacientes citados para un reconocimiento de rutina o para la renovación de recetas Patients with appointments for a routine check-up or renewal of prescription
Paño, gasa estéril Sterile
Pulverizador para desinfectar la piel Spray for disinfecting the skin
Receta Prescription
Sala de espera Waiting room
Sello, estampilla del médico Doctor’s stamp
Servicio de radiología (unidad de rayos X) X-ray unit
Soporte para el goteo intravenoso Stand for intravenous drips
Soporte para las placas de rayos X Support for X-ray cassettes
Toma de la presión sanguínea (la tensión) Measuring blood pressure
Unidad de cuidados intensivos (UVI) Intensive care unit
Unidad movil de vigilancia del paciente Mobile monitoring unit
Volante de asistencia médica Health insurance certificate
EL RESTAURANT
Agua Water
Agua mineral Mineral water
Aparato de cerveza a presión Beer pump
Aves y caza Game and poultry
Barra Bar
Bebida Drink
Bebida alcoholica Alcoholic drink
Bebida no alcoholica Non-alcoholic drink
Bebida refrescante Soft drink
Camarera Waitress
Camarero Waiter
Carne asada Roast meat
Carta de vinos Wine list
Champán Champagne
Chef Chef
Cliente/a Customer
Copa de vino Wine glass
Cuchara Spoon
Cuchillo Knife
El cubierto The place-setting
Entremeses Hors d’oeuvres
Especialidad Speciality
Especialidad del chef Chef’s special
Helado Ice cream
La cuenta, la factura The bill
Legumbres y verduras Vegetables and greens
Libro de reclamaciones The complaints book
Mantel Table cloth
Menú de tres platos A three-course meal
Menú, lista de comidas Menu
Mesa Table
Palillero Toothpick holder
Pastas Pastas
Pescado y marisco Fish and shellfish
Pimentero Pepper pot
Pimienta Pepper
Plato Course
Plato (objeto) Dish
Plato combinado Set main course
Plato principal, plato fuerte Main course
Posavasos Beer mat
Postre Dessert
Propina Tip
Reservado Reserved
Reservar mesa To book a table
Restaurante Restaurant
Restaurante autoservicio Self-service restaurant
Salero Salt cellar
Servilleta Serviette, napkin
Servilletero Serviette ring, napkin ring
Servir (en la mesa) To serve
Silla Chair
Sopa Soup
Tenedor Fork
Vaso Glass
Vinagreras Cruet stand
Vino Wine
Vino de la casa House wine
DEPORTES
Anillas Rings
Atletismo Athletics
Balón de fútbol Football
Baloncesto Basketball
Balonmano Handball
Balonvolea Volleyball
Béisbol Baseball
Boxeo Boxing
Campeón/ona Champion
Campeonato Championship
Carrera Race
Carrera de velocidad Race
Coche de carreras Racing car
Deportes Sports
Deportes acuáticos Water sports
Deportes de invierno Winter sports
Entrenador Trainer
Equitación Riding
Esgrima Fencing
Espalderas Wall bars
Esquí (actividad) Skiing
Esquí (plancha) Ski
Esquí náutico Water skiing
Estadio Stadium
Fútbol Football
Gimnasia Gymnastics
Golf Golf
Halterofilia Weight-lifting
Hipódromo Racecourse ; Racetrack
Hockey Hockey
Hockey sobre hielo Ice hockey
Jockey ; Jinete Jockey ; Rider
Judo Judo
Juegos Olimpicos ; Olimpiada Olympic Games ;Olympics
Jugador/ra Player
Manager Manager
Maratón Marathon
Marcha Walk
Motorismo Motoring
Natación Swimming
Patinaje sobre hielo Ice skating
Patinaje sobre ruedas Roller skating
Piloto de carreras Racing driver
Piscina Swimming pool
Pista Track
Rallye Rally
Regata Boat race
Ring ; Cuadrilátero Ring
Rugby Rugby
Salto con pértiga Pole vault
Salto de altura High jump
Salto de longitud Long jump (U.K.) ; Broad jump (USA)
Sprint Sprint (U.K) ; Dash (USA)
Tenis Tennis
Trapecio Trapeze
Velódromo Cycling stadium ; Velodrome
Water-polo Water polo
Agua destilada Distilled water
Agua oxigenada Hydrogen
Agujas y jeringuillas de un solo uso Disposable hypodermic needles and syringes
Alcohol Alcohol
Algodón hidrófilo Cotton wool (U.K.) ; Absorbent cotton (USA)
Alimentos dietéticos Diet food
Alimentos infantiles Feeding of children
Analgésico Painkiller
Análisis Analysis
Análisis de sangre Blood test
Antiarrugas Anti-wrinkle
Antibiótico Antibiotic
Anticatarro Anti-catarrh
Antídoto Antidote (for/to)
Antifebril Anti-fever
Antigripal (vacuna) Flu vaccine
Antiinflamatorio Anti-inflammatory
Antiparasitario Antiparasitic
Antiséptico Antiseptic
Apósito, vendaje Dressing / Bandage
Automedicarse To treat oneself
Biberón Feeding bottle / Baby bottle
Calientabiberones Bottle warmer
Calmante , sedante Painkiller / Sedative
Cepillo de dientes Toothbrush
Champú anticaspa Anti-dandruff shampoo
Chupete Dummy (U.K.) ; Pacifier (USA)
Complejo vitamínico Vitamin complex
Compresa (para mujer) Sanitary towel (U.K.); Sanitary napkin (USA)
Crema anticelulitica Anti-cellulite cream
Crema bronceadora Suntan lotion, suntan cream
Crema de belleza Beauty cream
Crema de día Day cream
Crema de noche Night cream
Crema hipoalergénica Hypoallergenic cream
Depurativo Blood purification tonic
Desinfectante Disinfectant
Dosis de ataque Onset dose
Dosis de mantenimiento Maintenance dose
Enjuague bucal Mouthwash
Esparatrapo Sticking plaster , adhesive plaster
Estanterias Shelves
Expectorante Cough medicine
Farmacéutico/a Chemist (U.K.) ; Druggist (USA) ; Pharmacist (uso formal)
Farmacia (ciencia) Pharmacy
Farmacia (tienda) Chemist’s (U.K.) ; Drugstore (USA)
Farmacia de guardia All-night chemist’s
Fármaco , medicina, medicamento Drug , medicine
Gasa Gauze , lint
Gasa esterilizada Sterile gauze dressing
Inyección Injection
Jarabe (medicina) Syrup / medicine
Jarabe para la tos Cough syrup; Cough Mixture
Laboratorio Laboratory
Laxante Laxative
Material de laboratorio Laboratory equipment
Medicinal Medicinal
Medicinar To give medicine to
Mostrador Counter
Ortopedia Orthopaedics (U.K.) ; Orthopedics (USA)
Paciente Patient
Pañal desechable Disposable nappy (U.K.) / Disposable diaper (U.S.)
Paquete de primeros auxilios First aid kit
Pasta dental Toothpaste
Pastilla Tablet ; Pill
Pastilla para la tos Cough drop
Pastillas de vitaminas Vitamin pill/ Vitamin tablet
Pesabebés Baby scale
Peso Scales
Peso de corredera Sliding-weight scales
Pildora anticonceptiva Contraceptive pill / "The pill"
Pinzas Forceps / Tweezers
Polvos de talco Talcum powder
Pomada Ointment
Preservativo Condom ; Contraceptive sheath
Primeros auxilios First aid
Protección solar Sun protection cream
Prueba de embarazo Pregnancy test
Seda dental Dental floss
Suero sanguíneo Serum
Suero fisiológico Saline solution
Supositorio Suppository
Talla (listón para medir la talla) Height gauge
Tensiómetro Blood pressure gauge (Sphygmomanometer)
Termómetro Thermometer
Tijeras Scissors
Tintura de yodo Iodine solution
Toma de la presión sanguínea (tensión) To take someone's blood pressure
Tomarse la tensión To have one’s blood pressure taken
Tónico, estimulante del apetito, reconstituyente Tonic, stimulant
Tranquilizante Tranquillizer (U.K.) ; Tranquilliser (USA)
Tratamiento Treatment
Tubo de pomada Tube of ointment
Vacuna Vaccine
Vademécum (libro de medicamentos) Vademecum
Venda de gasa Bandage
Vitrina Glass case , showcase
Volante de asistencia medica Health insurance certificate
La oficina
Abrecartas Paper knife
Agenda (de despacho de mesa) Desk diary
Agenda de bolsillo Pocket diary
Agenda de trabajo Engagement book
Anotación ; Apunte Note
Archivador/a Filing clerk
Archivo(documento) Files
Archivo(sitio) Archive
Bloc Writing pad
Bolígrafo Pen ; Ballpoint pen
Calculadora Calculator
Carpeta (papeles,documentos) Folder ; File
Carpeta de anillas Ring binder
Carpeta de información Information folder ; Briefing kit
Carta Letter
Celo ; Cinta adhesiva Sticky tape
Coger/Contestar el teléfono To answer the phone
Contestador automático Answering machine ; Answer phone
Corrector (líquido), Tipp-ex Correcting fluid, Tipp-ex
Correo Mail
Cuartilla (1/2 folio) A-5 sheet of paper
Diario Journal
Disco Disk
Disco duro Hard disk
Documento Document
Enviar, echar al correo To post (U.K.) ; To mail (USA)
Enviar un fax To fax
Escáner Scanner
Escritorio Desk ; Bureau
Fax Fax
Ficha (de archivo) Index card
Fichero Card index
Fichero de datos (informática) Data file
Fichero informativo Computer file
Fichero(mueble) Filing cabinet
Folio(hoja) Sheet
Fotocopiadora Photocopier ; Photocopying machine
Gráficos por ordenador Computer graphics
Grapa Paper fastener / Staple
Grapadora Stapler ; Stapling gun
Guardar ; Archivar To save
Hoja de cálculo Spreadsheet
Impresora Printer
Impresora láser Laser printer
Imprimir documento , página To print out
Inventario ; Balance Inventory ; Stocktaking
Lápiz Pencil
Libreta Note book
Libreta de anillas Spiral notebook; bound notebook
Libreta de direcciones Address book
Libro de contabilidad Account book
Listado (Informática) Listing ; Printout
Listín de teléfonos (teléfonico) Telephone directory
Llamar por teléfono To telephone
Máquina de escribir Typewriter
Mecanógrafo/a Typist
Módem Modem
Muebles de oficina Office furniture
Oficina ; Despacho Office
Oficinista Clerk ; Office worker
Ordenador Computer
Ordenador central Mainframe computer
Ordenador de gestión Business computer
Ordenador personal (PC) Personal computer (PC)
Ordenador portátil (pequeño) Portable computer ; Laptop computer
Pantalla Screen
Papel continuo Continuous feed paper
Papel cuadriculado Squared paper
Papel de cartas Notepaper
Papelera (recipiente) Wastepaper bin
Pasar una llamada To transfer a call
Pegamento Glue ; Adhesive
Pisapapeles Paperweight
Pluma estilográfica Fountain pen
Portadocumentos Document holder
Portafolios Briefcase ; Attaché case
Portalápices para escritorio Pencil holder ; Pen holder
Portaminas Propelling pencil (UK) ; Mechanical pencil (USA)
Portapapeles(maletín) Briefcase
Procesador de textos Word processor
Programa Program
Rotulador Felt tip pen
Secretario/a ; Administrativo Secretary
Sello Stamp
Sobre (carta) Envelope
Sujetapapeles Paper clip
Teclado Keyboard
Teléfono Telephone ; Phone
Tijera Scissors
Tinta Ink
Tomar notas To take notes
Trabajo administrativo Paperwork
Una mesa de despacho An office desk
EL HOSPITAL
Agujas y jeringas de un solo uso Disposable hypodermic needles and syringes
Anestesia y respirador artificial Anaesthesia and respiratory apparatus
Aparato de anestesia y respiración Anaesthesia and breathing apparatus
Armario de las medicinas Medicine cupboard / cabinet
Bandeja de los instrumentos Instrument tray
Botella de oxigeno Oxygen cylinder
Cama del paciente Bed (hospital bed)
Conexión de pared para el tratamiento con oxigeno Wall connection for oxygen treatment
Consultorio de medicina general General practice (U.K.) ; Physician’s office (USA)
Cubeta de los instrumentos Instrument basin
Diccionario médico Medical dictionary
Ficha médica Medical record ,medical card
Fichero de pacientes Patients file
Gasa esterilizada Sterile gauze
Instrumentos quirúrgicos Surgical instruments
Interfono Intercom
Laboratorio Laboratory
Lámpara con haz de luz dirigible Directional lamp
Libro de citas Appointments book
Maletín del médico Doctor’s bag, doctor’s case
Mascarilla Mask
Material de laboratorio Laboratory equipment
Material de vendaje Dressing material
Material quirúrgico de sutura Surgical suture material
Mesa de instrumentos Instrument table
Mesa de operaciones Operating table
Mesa de reconocimiento Examination couch
Mesa de reconocimiento de rayos X-ray examination table
Microscopio binocular de investigación Binocular research microscope
Oftalmoscopio Ophthalmoscope
Paciente Patient
Pacientes citados para un reconocimiento de rutina o para la renovación de recetas Patients with appointments for a routine check-up or renewal of prescription
Paño, gasa estéril Sterile
Pulverizador para desinfectar la piel Spray for disinfecting the skin
Receta Prescription
Sala de espera Waiting room
Sello, estampilla del médico Doctor’s stamp
Servicio de radiología (unidad de rayos X) X-ray unit
Soporte para el goteo intravenoso Stand for intravenous drips
Soporte para las placas de rayos X Support for X-ray cassettes
Toma de la presión sanguínea (la tensión) Measuring blood pressure
Unidad de cuidados intensivos (UVI) Intensive care unit
Unidad movil de vigilancia del paciente Mobile monitoring unit
Volante de asistencia médica Health insurance certificate
EL RESTAURANT
Agua Water
Agua mineral Mineral water
Aparato de cerveza a presión Beer pump
Aves y caza Game and poultry
Barra Bar
Bebida Drink
Bebida alcoholica Alcoholic drink
Bebida no alcoholica Non-alcoholic drink
Bebida refrescante Soft drink
Camarera Waitress
Camarero Waiter
Carne asada Roast meat
Carta de vinos Wine list
Champán Champagne
Chef Chef
Cliente/a Customer
Copa de vino Wine glass
Cuchara Spoon
Cuchillo Knife
El cubierto The place-setting
Entremeses Hors d’oeuvres
Especialidad Speciality
Especialidad del chef Chef’s special
Helado Ice cream
La cuenta, la factura The bill
Legumbres y verduras Vegetables and greens
Libro de reclamaciones The complaints book
Mantel Table cloth
Menú de tres platos A three-course meal
Menú, lista de comidas Menu
Mesa Table
Palillero Toothpick holder
Pastas Pastas
Pescado y marisco Fish and shellfish
Pimentero Pepper pot
Pimienta Pepper
Plato Course
Plato (objeto) Dish
Plato combinado Set main course
Plato principal, plato fuerte Main course
Posavasos Beer mat
Postre Dessert
Propina Tip
Reservado Reserved
Reservar mesa To book a table
Restaurante Restaurant
Restaurante autoservicio Self-service restaurant
Salero Salt cellar
Servilleta Serviette, napkin
Servilletero Serviette ring, napkin ring
Servir (en la mesa) To serve
Silla Chair
Sopa Soup
Tenedor Fork
Vaso Glass
Vinagreras Cruet stand
Vino Wine
Vino de la casa House wine
DEPORTES
Anillas Rings
Atletismo Athletics
Balón de fútbol Football
Baloncesto Basketball
Balonmano Handball
Balonvolea Volleyball
Béisbol Baseball
Boxeo Boxing
Campeón/ona Champion
Campeonato Championship
Carrera Race
Carrera de velocidad Race
Coche de carreras Racing car
Deportes Sports
Deportes acuáticos Water sports
Deportes de invierno Winter sports
Entrenador Trainer
Equitación Riding
Esgrima Fencing
Espalderas Wall bars
Esquí (actividad) Skiing
Esquí (plancha) Ski
Esquí náutico Water skiing
Estadio Stadium
Fútbol Football
Gimnasia Gymnastics
Golf Golf
Halterofilia Weight-lifting
Hipódromo Racecourse ; Racetrack
Hockey Hockey
Hockey sobre hielo Ice hockey
Jockey ; Jinete Jockey ; Rider
Judo Judo
Juegos Olimpicos ; Olimpiada Olympic Games ;Olympics
Jugador/ra Player
Manager Manager
Maratón Marathon
Marcha Walk
Motorismo Motoring
Natación Swimming
Patinaje sobre hielo Ice skating
Patinaje sobre ruedas Roller skating
Piloto de carreras Racing driver
Piscina Swimming pool
Pista Track
Rallye Rally
Regata Boat race
Ring ; Cuadrilátero Ring
Rugby Rugby
Salto con pértiga Pole vault
Salto de altura High jump
Salto de longitud Long jump (U.K.) ; Broad jump (USA)
Sprint Sprint (U.K) ; Dash (USA)
Tenis Tennis
Trapecio Trapeze
Velódromo Cycling stadium ; Velodrome
Water-polo Water polo
Envases y cantidades.
a dozen (e dósen) - una docena
a half (e jáf) - una mitad
a handful (e jándful) - un puñado
a heap (e híip) - un montón
a mouthful (e máuzful) - un bocado
a pair (a péer) - un par
a piece (e píis) - un pedazo
a quarter (e kuórter) - un cuarto
a slice (e sláis) - una rebanada
a spoonful (e spúunful) - una cucharada
a stack (e sták) - una pila, un montón
an armful (an ármful) - una brazada
bag (bag) - bolsita
bar (bar) - barra
barrel (bárrl) - barril
basket (báskit) - canasta
bottle (bótl) - botella
bowl (bóul) - bol
box (boks) - caja
bucket (báket) - balde, cubo
can (can) - lata
carton (cárton) - cartón
crate (kréit) - cajón
envelope (ánvelóup) - sobre de carta
gallon (gálon) - galón
glass (gláas) - vaso
gramme (gráam) - gramo
half a dozen (jáf e dósen) - media docena
jar (dchár) - frasco, pote
jug (dchág) - jarro
kilo (kílo) - kilo
liter (líter) - litro
mug (mág) - jarra
ounce (áuns) - onza
pack (pák) - paquete, cajetilla
package (pákedch) - paquete
pint (páint) - pinta
pot (pot) - tarro, pote
pound (páund) - libra
roll (róul) - rollo
sachet (sáshei) - sachet
sack (sák) - saco, costal
six-pack (síks pák) - paquete de seis
spray can (spréi can) - aerosol, atomizador
ton (ton) - tonelada
tube (tiúb) - tubo, pomo
acrylic (akrílic) - acrílico
aluminium (alúminom) - aluminio
brass (bráss) - latón
bronze (bróns) - bronce
canvas (kánvas) - lona
cardboard (kárdbord) - cartón
cashmere (káshmiir) - cachemira
cement (semént) – cement
clay (kléi) - arcilla
concrete (cónkrit) - hormigón
copper (kóper) - cobre
corduroy (kórderoi) - corderoy
cotton (kótn) - algodón
denim (dénim) - tela de jean
feather (féder) - pluma
fiberglass (fáiberglas) - fibra de vidrio
flannel (flánel) - franela
gauze (góos) - gasa
glass (glás) - vidrio
gold (góuld) - oro
iron (áiron) - hierro
lace (léis) - encaje
lead (led) - plomo
leather (léder) - cuero
linen (línen) - lino
marble (márbl) - mármol
nylon (náilon) - nylon
paper (péiper) - papel
plaster (pláster) - yeso
plastic (plástik) - plástico
plywood (pláiwud) - aglomerado
polyester (poliéster) - poliéster
porcelain (pórcelin) - porcelana
pottery (póteri) - cerámica
rayon (réion) – rayón
rubber (ráber) - goma
silk (sílk) - seda
silver (sílver) - plata
steel (stíil) - acero
stone (stóun) - piedra
straw (stróo) - paja
suede (suéid) - gamuza
tin (tin) - estaño, hojalata
velvet (vélvet) - terciopelo
wax (wáx) - cera
wood (wúud) - madera
wool (wúul) - lana
zinc (cinc) - cinc
a half (e jáf) - una mitad
a handful (e jándful) - un puñado
a heap (e híip) - un montón
a mouthful (e máuzful) - un bocado
a pair (a péer) - un par
a piece (e píis) - un pedazo
a quarter (e kuórter) - un cuarto
a slice (e sláis) - una rebanada
a spoonful (e spúunful) - una cucharada
a stack (e sták) - una pila, un montón
an armful (an ármful) - una brazada
bag (bag) - bolsita
bar (bar) - barra
barrel (bárrl) - barril
basket (báskit) - canasta
bottle (bótl) - botella
bowl (bóul) - bol
box (boks) - caja
bucket (báket) - balde, cubo
can (can) - lata
carton (cárton) - cartón
crate (kréit) - cajón
envelope (ánvelóup) - sobre de carta
gallon (gálon) - galón
glass (gláas) - vaso
gramme (gráam) - gramo
half a dozen (jáf e dósen) - media docena
jar (dchár) - frasco, pote
jug (dchág) - jarro
kilo (kílo) - kilo
liter (líter) - litro
mug (mág) - jarra
ounce (áuns) - onza
pack (pák) - paquete, cajetilla
package (pákedch) - paquete
pint (páint) - pinta
pot (pot) - tarro, pote
pound (páund) - libra
roll (róul) - rollo
sachet (sáshei) - sachet
sack (sák) - saco, costal
six-pack (síks pák) - paquete de seis
spray can (spréi can) - aerosol, atomizador
ton (ton) - tonelada
tube (tiúb) - tubo, pomo
acrylic (akrílic) - acrílico
aluminium (alúminom) - aluminio
brass (bráss) - latón
bronze (bróns) - bronce
canvas (kánvas) - lona
cardboard (kárdbord) - cartón
cashmere (káshmiir) - cachemira
cement (semént) – cement
clay (kléi) - arcilla
concrete (cónkrit) - hormigón
copper (kóper) - cobre
corduroy (kórderoi) - corderoy
cotton (kótn) - algodón
denim (dénim) - tela de jean
feather (féder) - pluma
fiberglass (fáiberglas) - fibra de vidrio
flannel (flánel) - franela
gauze (góos) - gasa
glass (glás) - vidrio
gold (góuld) - oro
iron (áiron) - hierro
lace (léis) - encaje
lead (led) - plomo
leather (léder) - cuero
linen (línen) - lino
marble (márbl) - mármol
nylon (náilon) - nylon
paper (péiper) - papel
plaster (pláster) - yeso
plastic (plástik) - plástico
plywood (pláiwud) - aglomerado
polyester (poliéster) - poliéster
porcelain (pórcelin) - porcelana
pottery (póteri) - cerámica
rayon (réion) – rayón
rubber (ráber) - goma
silk (sílk) - seda
silver (sílver) - plata
steel (stíil) - acero
stone (stóun) - piedra
straw (stróo) - paja
suede (suéid) - gamuza
tin (tin) - estaño, hojalata
velvet (vélvet) - terciopelo
wax (wáx) - cera
wood (wúud) - madera
wool (wúul) - lana
zinc (cinc) - cinc
Medidas.
De distancia:
1 milla = 1609.35 metros = 1.61 kilómetros 1 kilometro = 0.62 millas
1 pulgada = 25.40 milímetros = 2.5 centímetros 1 centímetro = 0.39 pulgadas
1 pie = 30.38 centímetros = 0.30 metros 1 metro = 3.29 pies (3’3.5”)
1 yarda = 0.91 metros 1 metro = 1.09 yardas
De área:
1 hectárea = __ acres 1 acre = __ hectáreas
De peso:
1 libra = 0.45 kilogramos 1 kilogramo = 2.2 libras
1 libra = 16 onzas 1 kilogramo = 35.2 onzas
1 quintal = 100 libras 1 quintal = 45.36 kilogramos
De volumen:
1 cc = 1 ml = 0.03 onzas 1 onza líquida = 30 ml
1 cucharadita = 5 ml 1 cucharada = 15 ml
1 taza = 8 onzas = 0.25 litros 1 litro = 4 tazas = 32 onzas
1 galón = 3.785 litros 1 litro = 0.264 galones
1 milla = 1609.35 metros = 1.61 kilómetros 1 kilometro = 0.62 millas
1 pulgada = 25.40 milímetros = 2.5 centímetros 1 centímetro = 0.39 pulgadas
1 pie = 30.38 centímetros = 0.30 metros 1 metro = 3.29 pies (3’3.5”)
1 yarda = 0.91 metros 1 metro = 1.09 yardas
De área:
1 hectárea = __ acres 1 acre = __ hectáreas
De peso:
1 libra = 0.45 kilogramos 1 kilogramo = 2.2 libras
1 libra = 16 onzas 1 kilogramo = 35.2 onzas
1 quintal = 100 libras 1 quintal = 45.36 kilogramos
De volumen:
1 cc = 1 ml = 0.03 onzas 1 onza líquida = 30 ml
1 cucharadita = 5 ml 1 cucharada = 15 ml
1 taza = 8 onzas = 0.25 litros 1 litro = 4 tazas = 32 onzas
1 galón = 3.785 litros 1 litro = 0.264 galones
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